Chaeles lockhaet and john geacie



@uiten gioire sirnt @ffice mammoet No. 80,294, me .my 28,1868. i

IMPROVEMENT IN STILLS F03 HYDROCARBONS.

fitedgfhrle'rgfernt is in tlgise @sito getint-sumthinggmrt of tige saine..

V T0 ALL WHOMIT MAY CQNCERN:

Bo it known that reconnus Looxnn'r and Jenn G neors, of Pittsburg, in tho county of Allegheny, and i Sta-te of Pennsylvania, have invented anew and usei'ul- Improvement inY Stills for Hydrocarholt and we do hereby declarethet the following is afnll and exact description thereof, reference being had to theaccomplnying'i drawingsLand to the letters and figures o f reference marked thereon. I i

The nature of our invention consists in.; providing stillswitll n ilue, passing vertically thrognghithe autres.. of the still, and combining'with said ilue and still a sories'of re-chambers V Our invention also consists in surrounding-the still with an air-chamber, for the'purpos'oiiteeting the still from the action of cold air .during the distilling process, V.and also for the purpose of facilitating cooling oif the still after the..d istillstion is completed. h i Our invention also consists in providing stills for petroleum with a safety-valve, Vfor protectingthe:V still from'the danger attendant upon the-sudden condensaonot` the vapor in the still, andfo'r ptotqntingV the still `against. internal pressure.

.Our invention further consists in providing the still with au apparatus for carrying oii, at different heights, the-vapor evolved in the process ofdistillation, and aiso in providing the still with-scrapors, combined with a.l receiver, for thepurpose of collecting'the heavy oil and other matter as they settle to the bottom of .the still,l

4and thus prevent incrustation of the bottom of' the still- '4 The wholofbeingcoastrueted,urranged, comhinedrandoperntingsubstnntiallyins,hereinafter des,cr bed".,f... .1.

`und-heat pass through tbe openings u,as"indi c ate d by arrows 8, into an l o. due in its centre. iBy constructing the still ,with tlieiiue 'D in itsv centre, great s oi of the still after distillation ,has-been completed.

To enable others skilled in the art o f constructing stills for the distillation of hydrocnrbonsfto trinke and use our invention, we will proceed to` describev its construction and operation. f

In the accompanying drawings, whichwform part of our specification- Figures 1 and 2,shee t'A, are side elevations of our improvements in stillssfor hydrocarbons.` Figure 3, sheet B, is a vertical section of the same. i Figures f1 and 5, sheet B, aretrunsverse sections of the same when cut through at lines y* and y oi' iig. 3. Figure 6 isla 'vertical section of the apparatus used for carrying 'oi'f the vaporfrom the 'still at diii'eront` heights. y. v Figure 7 is a vertical section of the 'sofetyvalve for stills used for the distillation .of hydrocarbons;

In the. drawings, A represents -the masonry-work of the furnace of the still. B represents n sheotLironxcnse, placed'aronnd the still, for the purpose of forming the nir-oliamber H, which is used for the'purpose of protecting thus-till fro:` @e action of the atmosphere dnring'the prooeiszof distillation. This case B is provided with 'a series of doors, it, purpose of admittingcold-airnto the, chamber H, for cooling off'. the still after the process of 'distillation has been completed; v A i `C" represents the' still, in'thecentre of which is a smoke-flue for the furnaces :zn-which uro provided with bridge-walls l and division or partition-trails Iw, upon which rests,th'e bottoni .ofi the still. The spaces between the bottom oi` the still and bridge-walls l -are so arranged that the smoke, dust, and heat which pass from the 4fire-chamber o: are drawn into the space, m', around the'bottornoi` the ilue D, and from this space 'mf the smoke Y I dup through the flue D, which is provided with a lo.mper,rz,` for regulating the draught of'ithe due upon theirs-chamber :Q The still is constructed of sheet iron, und'ismadein the ordinary manner, except that itis provided with trength is imported to the stilli-oud it may be made of any desired size, which is "ai very 'great desideratum.l A

The diameterl of the due must, in every caso, correspond to the diameter of the still. ,Thegstilh C,is provided withfmnnhole". openings 'i vund t?, the caps and n' of"which may inc/removed from the openings, for the purpose of allowing a current of nir to pass through the still to-facilitate the f fioling vstein s,'provided`with a disk, y.

er the disk y1 is placed On the man-hole i is placedthe safety-vulve, which consistso'f thecap fit', The lower end of them Vis scoured to'sndinovesin across-piece. vison the stem s', and ov al valve, the upperside of which isconvexed, and the' lower side of, which is concave, and a large nnmberof small openingsipass `through it. I j Y i A 'The valve'ojisheld down in `its 'seat in cap n by means4 of the spiral spring n, whicnolso holds the disk y1 up against the valve o.

' l As the construction vand arrangement of, the saetyfvalvc will beYreadi-ly seen'and understood by'reterenee to fig. 7, slieetB, we will proceedit'o describe its operation, which isas follows: "When there is any undue pressure v inthe still, the'valve o is forced upwadsagainst the spiral 4spring oz, and the surplus force will escape -from the still. Ifo partial vacuum should take place in the still, bya sudden condensation of the vapor, (whicbsfoften the case,) the atinosphere, passing' through the openings v'inthe valve o, will press down the'diskyp, whichwill yhe forced dowafrorn the vlve'o, and therebyadtnit air into thestill, and prevent it from collapsing.

' twill `llo observed thnbymeans of the) safetywslve described, we provide against the danger caused by undue pressure',`either'external or internal', as relating to stills used for the distillation of hydrocarbons.

f The apparatus 'or carrying oil' the vapor atdiil'erent hei "bts consists in .theuse 4of a. hollow column, V@inside -ofwhich is placed a pipe,-'g, tbelowet end of which i'sprovided with a valve, x2, which is operated through the mediumof the stem, marked a.

To "the pipegis oo'nnectedn pipe, f3, which passes through the side .of thelcolumn e, and connects with thc is as follows: rWhen the lstill is filled to the de sired degree w The lower end oiflthe vcollilnn e is-securcd to the top of the still by any et the known means. A portion of the pipe g passes down into-the still,` as shown in iig. 6, and is secured to the top of the still,

so esto be central inthe columnl e. A

. In the top ot'z'the still, around the pipe g, are a nuinber of openings, marked 10, which lead to theinterior of'thecelurnn'e. p A

As the construction and arrangement of the several parts of the apparatus for 'carrying ointhe vapor at' dilerent heights will be fully understood'by reference to iig. '6, we will proceed to describe its operation, which" ith the hydrocarbon, andthe process of distillation `has commenced, the vapor passes up throughthe openings 10 into the -column @and from it down through pipe g into pipe f3, land from it to the condenser. When the ,eperatorebserves any decrease in the flow of. .oil from r the condenser, he then lowersthe valve x, through the medium lol' .the stem s. The vaporl will then pass up through pipe g into the pipe ff, andifroro it to the condenser. -Whcn the operator observes that the oil flowing frem'the condenser is becomingyellow, he should thenfelose the valve and- Athereby cause the vapor to pass` up through the column, and down through pipesg and fh to the condenser.' This willchange the color oi' the 4oilii'rozn yellow to white, for it prevents the paraffin-e from passing ever with the vaponevelve'd from the-oil in the still. By this arr'sngetnent lfor carrying off the vapor from,the'still at didereut heights we areenable'd vtopi-aduce a whiteburningyoil,-having'n uniform specific vgravity and a desirable retest, and we also obtain a greater yield A'oil'ggood.ati-d safe burning-oil, which is a.v great consideration in the distillation of hydrocarbons.'

I ilus D, as' shown'at J,"in iig. 3.

i the heavyr4 mattenfasit settles .to the bottom ofl the still, will bevforced vinte the pipeRat the point marked 6, i

i receiver m. By this nrr'ngement of the scrapers, incrustetionof the stilly bottdiil i--l'eV-@ea'lfl-C Onthe linside'ofl the still, near to .its bottom, is yplaced a wheel, 7, which rotates in a groove made in the To'the wheel? are attached plates P, to the under side efwhiehare secured scrapefs f, arranged with relation to thebottom ot'- the still`so that they will scrape it withoutifriction. These scrapers' are slowly rotated inthe still through the mediuuref the gear-wheels 7 4 3 2 and pulley 1. Thel wheel 2 and pulicyl are held in position by the' supportsmr bearings y. The'shaft f, upon' which' are. placed the wheels 4'and 8, is hold in position, near its upper-end, by a stuffingbox, o', land at'itslower cndby a step, w. ggj 4 1 To' the bottoni of the still, at 6, is attached a pipe, R, provided with a valve, 5. This pipe is'conneoted with a receiver, m, for Ixec'eivvingthe heav'yoil. or 'other-.matter whicwhluiay settle down on the bottom of the still during the process -cf distillation.

The scrapersf are so arranged that, by turning them in thedirection liudicatedvby 'the arrows 9 in iig. d,

frouiwhich itjvill lilow into i' forstnnngjmsiinstalation"me's'tinbenm prevented"remaining.-

Having thus desc'rihcrlthe natur-c ,constiuctiom and olferatierdf our improvement, what we claim as of our invention, is'- y Y .1f The chimneyA'D, combined with a 'series of tire-chambers, x, and smoke-chamberen'constructed, arranged, and operating substantially :is herein described, and 'for-'th purpose set forth. i I

2. Making the chimney D the/'axis of the wheel 7, used for rotating the scrnpersxin the manner substantially'asjherein described, 'and folhe purposp set, forth. y .A

'.ihe arrangement ofhe'column @pipes g and f3, o enings 10, and volvex, constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as 'hcreinl'doscribcd, sind for the puipo'seset forth," i -v 4. 4Providing astill for hydrocsrbonswith a valve, which will act from an internal or external pressure sub'stantxallyas herein described,v and Fonthe purpose set forth.

IenARLEs'LQeKHA-RT, JOHN ement.

Witnesses: y

JonNs'roN, JAMES-J.' JonNs'roN 

